¡¡¡¡À´Ô´£ºÎĻ㱨
¡¡¡¡Ó¢¹úʱÉÐ×÷¼ÒÌØÀò¡¤Å¦ÂüÖðÒ»´ò¿ª50λ¾ÙÊÀÎÅÃûµÄ×÷¼ÒµÄÉñÃØÒ³÷£¬²¶×½ÎÄѧÓëʱÉн»»ãµÄ¾ªÏ²Ë²¼ä£¬Õ¹ÏÖÆäÈËÆä×÷Æ·ÓÀ²»ÍÊÉ«µÄʱÉÐ÷ÈÁ¦¡£
ÒªÁ˽â·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂÊ×´´µÄ¡°¾ôʿʱ´ú¡±Ò»´Ê£¬Ê±ÉÐÊǹؼü
¡¡¡¡F¡¤Ë¹¿ÆÌØ¡¤·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂºÍÔó¶û´ï¡¤·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂÊÇÎÞÊý³ç°ÝÕßÐÄÖеÄʱÉÐżÏñ£¬¶øÆäÖл¹ÓÐÐí¶àÈË£¬¿ÉÄÜ´Óδ¶Á¹ýËûÃÇÁ½È˵ÄÈκÎ×÷Æ·£ºÕâ×ãÒÔ˵Ã÷ËûÃǵÄÃûÉùÖ®´ó¡£F¡¤Ë¹¿ÆÌØ¡¤·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂµÄÊÔ½ðʯС˵¡¶Á˲»ÆðµÄ¸Ç´Ä±È¡·£¬ÔøÊý¶È±»¸Ä±à³ÉµçÓ°£¬ÐðÊö·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂ·ò¸¾µÄÉú»îºÍ×÷Æ·£¬¾ßÓÐħ»Ã°ãºÍ±¯¾ç°ãµÄ÷ÈÁ¦£¬µçÓ°½çºÍʱװ½ç´Ó²»»á¶Ô´Ë¸Ðµ½Ñá¾ë¡£2011Ä꣬¿ÌØ¡¤Ä¦Ë¿µÄ»éÀñÊܵ½Ôó¶û´ïµÄÆô·¢£¬Ó¢¹ú°æ¡¶Ê±ÉС·ÎªÆ俯µÇÁË18Ò³ÕÕƬ£»ËýµÄ»éÉ´Àñ·þÊÇ1920Äê´úʽб²Ã£¬ËýËù´÷µÄ´«Í³½äÖ¸£¬ÊÇÔó¶û´ïºÍ˹¿ÆÌØ»é½äµÄ·°æ¡£
¡¶Ãû×÷¼ÒºÍËûÃǵÄÒ³÷¡· [Ó¢]ÌØÀò¡¤Å¦ÂüÖø ÁÖÑàÒë ÈËÃñÎÄѧ³ö°æÉç³ö°æ
¡¡¡¡F¡¤Ë¹¿ÆÌØ¡¤·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂµÄ×÷Æ·£¬´ÌÆÆÁËÃÀ¹úÃεķÊÔíÅÝ£¬ÒÔ¼°°éËæËüµÄËùÓйâ»ÔºÍ°§ÉË¡£¸ù¾Ý°²µÂ³¡¤ºú¿ËµÄ´«¼Ç£¬1922Äê1Ô£¬F¡¤Ë¹¿ÆÌØÔÚд¸øÓÑÈË¡¢ÃÀ¹ú×÷¼Ò°£µÂÃÉ¡¤Íþ¶ûÑ·µÄÐÅÖгÐÈÏ:¡°ÔÚÎÒÓöµ½Ôó¶û´ïµÄËÄÄê°ëʱ¼äÀÎÒÊܵ½µÄ×î´óÓ°Ïì¾ÍÊÇËý³¹µ×¡¢¾«Ö¡¢È«ÐÄÈ«ÒâµÄ×Ô˽ºÍÀäÄ®¡£¡±
¡¡¡¡·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂ·ò¸¾¹ý×ÅËÙÐà¡¢ÇáÙ¬µÄÉú»î¡ª¡ªËûÃÇ»¨Ç®ÈçÁ÷Ë®£¬È«Ä궼Ôڶȼ٣¬»Ù»µ¾Æµê·¿¼ä£¬ÕûÌìÀÃ×íÈçÄ࣬ÌøÎ裬ËæËæ±ã±ãÓëÅóÓѶϽ»¡£ËûÃǵÄÉú´æ·½Ê½×îÖÕ»ÙÃðÁË×Ô¼º¡£ËûÃǵÄʱÉÐÀíÄî³ÉΪһ¸ö³çÉлªÀöºÍ»Ó»ôµÄʱ´úµÄÏóÕ÷¡£
¡¡¡¡Ôó¶û´ï1920ÄêȥŦԼ½á»éÇ°£¬¹ý×ÅÄÏ·½ÃÀÅ®µÄÇáËÉÉú»î¡£Ëý´ø×ÅÒ»Ï䱡ɴÁ¬ÒÂȹºÍË¿ÈÞÐÝÏг¤¿ãÀ´µ½Å¦Ô¼¡£Ë¹¿ÆÌØ¡¤·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂÈ϶¨ËýÐèÒª¸üʱ÷ֵĴò°ç¡£ËûÈÃËý¸úËæ×Ô¼ºµÄÀÏÓÑÂêÀö¡¤ºÕϣȥ²ÉÂò£¬ºóÕßÁìËý¼ûʶÁË·¨¹úÉè¼ÆʦÈᤰͶÈÇáËɵÄʱÉС¢¼ò½àµÄÉè¼ÆºÍÍêÈ«ÏÖ´ú¶øÐÞ³¤µÄÂÖÀª¡£Ã»¹ý¶à¾Ã£¬Ôó¶û´ïµÄ¶¼ÊÐÒ³÷³ÉÐÎÁË£¬Ð¡³Ç³¤¿ã±»³¹µ×Å×Æú¡£ËýµÄ¾íÇú¶Ì·¢Ì̳ÉÍêÃÀµÄ²¨ÀËÐÍ£¬Éí´©ÏâÁÁƬºÍëƤµÄÀñ·þ³öϯÅɶԣ¬ÄÇЩÀñ·þµÄ¼ô²ÃÈÃËý¿´ÉÏÈ¥ÏñËļ¾¶¹Ò»ÑùÃçÌõ£¬»¹³Ä³öÈÃÈËÑÞÏÛµÄƽÐØ¡£Ë¹¿ÆÌØÔò¼¸ºõÒ»ÏòÉí×ÅÈý¼þÌ×»¨ÄØÎ÷×°£¬ÏµÁì´ø£¬¿Ú´üÀï·Å×ÅÊÖÅÁ£»Ê±÷ÖµÄÖзÖÍ·Í¿ÁË·¢À¯£¬¸ü͹ÏÔËûÄÇÖÖÓ«ÆÁ¿¡ÄеÄ÷ÈÁ¦¡£
¡¡¡¡ÈçͬʱÉÐÐγÉËûÃǵÄÐÔ¸ñ£¬°ïÖúËûÃÇìÅÒ«ÏëÒªÎüÒýÊÀ½ç×¢ÒâµÄ¶«Î÷£¬Ê±ÉÐÔÚËûÃǵÄд×÷ÖÐҲͬÑù·¢»ÓÁË×÷Óã¬ÆäÖÐÇéÐ÷ºÍ¸öÐÔÓë·þ×°µÄÃèдÓÐ×Å΢ÃîµÄƽÐйØϵ¡£ÒªÁ˽â·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂÊ×´´µÄ¡°¾ôʿʱ´ú¡±Ò»´Ê£¬Ê±ÉÐÊǹؼü¡£1925Ä꣬¡¶Á˲»ÆðµÄ¸Ç´Ä±È¡·ÔÚÂúÄ¿ÍǷ϶éÂäÖгö°æ£¬¿ì»î¡¢¿ÊÍû¡¢»Ô»ÍºÍÓÇÓôÊǸÃÊéµÄËùÓÐÖÐÐÄÖ÷Ìâ¡£ÄÇÊÇÒ»¸ö±»·Æ´Ä½ÜÀµÂ·ò¸¾È˸ñ»¯µÄʱ¿Ì¡£
²¨·üÍÞµÄÎÒÐÐÎÒËØÊÇ׷ʱ÷ÖµÄÈËÖÁ½ñÈÔÔÚ×·ÇóµÄ¾«Ëè
¡¡¡¡Î÷ÃÉÄÈ¡¤µÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞ²»½öÆô·¢Å®ÐÔ´Ó¼¤½øµÄÊÓ½Ç˼¿¼ÎÊÌ⣬¶øÇÒ¹ÄÀøËýÃÇÒÔ¼¤½øµÄÊÓ½ÇÉú»î¡ª¡ªË¼¿¼Éú»î£¬Ë¼¿¼ËýÃÇËù´©µÄÒ·þ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÕâЩÒ·þÈçºÎ½²ÊöÁËËýÃǺÍËýÃǶÔÊÀ½çµÄ¸ÐÊÜ¡£ËýÊÇ´æÔÚÖ÷Òå֮ĸ£¬Ò²ÊÇÅûÍ·×峡¾°µÄÔÐÓýÕß¡£
¡¡¡¡µÚ¶þ´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½ºó£¬°ÍÀèµÄ֪ʶºÍÒÕÊõ¾«Ó¢£¬°üÀ¨°¢¶û±´¡¤¼ÓçѺÍÈ᤿ƿËÍУ¬¶¼¾Û¼¯ÔÚÈûÄɺÓ×󰶣¬ÌÖÂÛÈËÉú¡£36ËêµÄµÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞÊÇ»¶ÀÖµÄÖÐÐÄ¡£µÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞϲ»¶¶À¾ßÒ»¸ñ£¬ÕâÒ»ºËÐÄÌØÐÔÈÃËýÓµÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄ¸÷ÖÖʱÉÐÑ¡Ôñ¡£
¡¡¡¡µÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞÔÚ1929ÄêÓöµ½ÈÃ-±£ÂÞ¡¤ÈøÌØ£¬µ±Ê±Á½È˶¼ÔÚ×¼±¸ÕÜѧ½Ìʦ×ʸñµÄ¾ºÕùÐÔ¿¼ÊÔ£¬ËüÊÇ·¨¹ú×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÑо¿Éú¿¼ÊÔÖ®Ò»¡£Á½È˶¼ÔÚ°ÍÀè¸ßµÈʦ·¶Ñ§Ôº²Î¼ÓÁËÕâÒ»¿¼ÊÔ¡£
¡¡¡¡µÏ¶ûµÂÀö¡¤±´¶ûÔÚ1990ÄêµÄµÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞ´«¼ÇÖÐдµÀ£¬ÈøÌسƵ¡¤²¨·üÍÞ¡°Ò·þ´©µÃ²»ÔõôÑù£¬µ«³¤×ÅÃÀÀöµÄÀ¶ÑÛ¾¦¡±¡£Ëýµ±È»¼ÈÊÇʱ÷ֵģ¬ÓÖÊÇÓëʱ´ú¸ñ¸ñ²»ÈëµÄ¡£Õ½ÕùÆڼ䣬×ܵÄ˵À´£¬Åä¶îºÍ°®¹úÖ÷ÒåÏÞÖÆÁË·þÊεĹý¶È¸öÐÔ»¯£¬¶øÔÚ1944Äê½â·Å°ÍÀèºó£¬Ê±ÊÀÈÔÈ»¼èÄÑ¡£Èç¹ûµÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞµÄÍ··¢Ã»ÓÐÊá³ÉËýµÄÄÇÖָ߸ߵıêÖ¾ÐÔ·¢÷Ù£¬Ëýͨ³£Ò²»áÓÃսʱÁ÷ÐеĻ·ÐͲøÍ·½í½«Ëü°üÆðÀ´¡ª¡ªÕâÊÇÔÚËùÓÐÖÖÀàµÄ¹©Ó¦¶¼¶Ìȱʱ£¬¸¾Å®±£³Ö×Ô¼ºÍ··¢ÆëÕûµÄ°ÑÏ·¡£µ±ÊÀ½ç¿ªÊ¼»Ø¹éÕý³£Ê±£¬ÕâÖÖ×ö·¨±»´ó¶àÊýÈËÅ×Æú£¬µ«µÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞ·¢ÏÖÕâÖÖ·ç¸ñºÜÓÐÓã¬Ëü³ÉÁËËýÐÎÏóµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£ËýµÄÅûÍ·×åÐÎÏóµÄÓ°ÏìÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇ£ºÃ÷ȷʵÓõÄÑùʽҲ¿ÉÒÔºÜÐԸС£
¡¡¡¡Ö±µ½1947ÄêµÏ°ÂÍƳö¡°Ð·çò¡±£¬ÓÃËûÉè¼ÆµÄñºñ»ÑüÉí¡¢ÐÔ¸ÐÐØÏߺÍÖʵØÇᱡµÄ³Äȹ£¬µì¶¨ÁË1950Äê´úÅ®ÐÔµÄÙ»Ó°£¬Ê±ÉвÅÔٴγÉΪÕæÕýµÄ¾Û½¹µã¡£ÔÚµ±Ê±£¬ËüÊǶÔÕ½ÕùØÑ·¦Äê´úµÄÀíÏë½âÒ©¡£ÔÚ¡¶µÚ¶þÐÔ¡·£¨1949£©ÖУ¬µÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞÐû³Æ£¬¡°×ʵÓõÄÀñ·þºÍÀñ·þЬ¡¢×¹óµÄñ×Ӻͳ¤Í඼ÊÇ×îÓÅÑŵġ±£¬¶øµÏ°ÂºÍËûµÄ·þÊδú±íÁËèäèô¡°ËûÕß¡±µÄ¼ÏËø¡£Ëý¸üϲ»¶ÎÒÐÐÎÒËØ£¬ÕýÊÇÕâÖÖ̬¶È£¬²»¶ÏÎüÒý×ÔÓÉ·ÅÈεÄÅûÍ·×åÍõ¹úÒÔÏàËƵľ«ÉñÓµ±§ËýµÄ˼ά·½Ê½¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔÚËý×îÊÜÍƳçµÄÖø×÷¡¶µÚ¶þÐÔ¡·ÖУ¬µÂ¡¤²¨·üÍÞ̽ÌÖÁËΪºÎÅ®ÐÔÔÚÉç»áÖеĵØλ´ÓÊôÓÚÄÐÐÔ¡£Ëýдµ½ÄÐÐÔ¶ÔÅ®ÐԵıíÊö£¬Ò²Ð´µ½Å®ÐÔ¶ÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÎﻯ¡£ÌرðÃÔÈ˵ÄÒ»µãÊÇËý¼¤Áҵķ´Ê±ÉÐÈÈÇé¡£Ëý̸µ½£¬¶ÔÅ®ÐÔÀ´Ëµ£¬¡°ÔÚºõ×Ô¼ºµÄÃÀÀö£¬Ê¢×°´ò°ç£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¹¤×÷¡±¡£ÎÞÂÛÊÇ´©×Å£¬»¹ÊÇÐÎÏ󣬵¡¤²¨·üÍÞ¶¼ÊÇÖǻ۵ģ»´©°ÙñÞȹ£¬ÏµË¿ÖÊÁì½áÈ¥ÊڿΣ¬Ëý¿´ÉÏÈ¥¾«Ã÷Ç¿¸É£»´©õõƤ´óÒ£¬×øÔÚ»¨Éñ¿§·È¹Ý£¬Ëý¿´ÉÏÈ¥ÓºÈÝ»ª¹ó£»ÔÚ¼ÒÀ´©Ò»ÉíÁ¿Éí¶¨×öµÄÌì¶ìÈÞÌ××°£¬Ëý¿´ÉÏÈ¥ÃÀÀö×ÔÈ»¡£ÎÞÂÛËýÑ¡Ôñ´©Ê²Ã´£¬¶¼²¢²»ÊÇÖØÒªµÄ¡£ÕýÊÇÕâÒ»ÊÂʵ¾ßÓÐÄÚÔÚµÄÎüÒýÁ¦£¬¶øÇÒÊÇ׷ʱ÷ÖµÄÈËÖÁ½ñÈÔÔÚ×·ÇóµÄ¾«Ëè¡£
ÆÕ³˹ÌØÊDZ¸ÊÜѧÕߺÍÒýÁìʱÉг±Á÷ÕßÍƳçµÄ×÷¼Ò
¡¡¡¡ÓÚ1871Äê³öÉúÔÚ°ÍÀè°ÂÌØÒÁÇøµÄÆÕ³˹ÌØ£¬ÊÇһλÃÀºÃÄê´úµÄ»¨»¨¹«×Ó¡£Ëû´÷Ï´ìÙƽÕûµÄ°×ÊÖÌ×£¬¿ÛÑÛÖбð×Å¿¨ÌØÀ¼»¨£¬ÕâÊÇËûÿÈÕ´Ó°ÍÀè»Ê¼Ò·ÄǼҰº¹óµÄÀÉÜÄ·»¨µêÂòÀ´µÄÉݳÞÆ·¡£Ëû×ñѲ¢ÌåÏÖÁËÄǸöʱ´ú×Å×°µÄÓÅÃÀ¾«Ã¡ªÍ··¢Êá³ÉÓÅÃÀµÄ²¨ÀËÐÍ£¬Ä¨×ÅÍ·ÓÍ£¬Ð¡ºú×Ó³äÒç×ÅÄǸöʱ´úµÄ¾«Ö¡£Ëû×ÜÊÇϵһֻ˶´óµÄÁì½á£¬¶øÇÒ×ÜÊÇϵµÃÇ¡ÈçÆä·ÖµÄÓÅÑÅ¡£Ëû´©¡°Ã«Æ¤Ïâ±ß´óÒ¡±£¬¾Ý˵¾³£´©×ÅËüÈ¥¸°ÍíÑç¡£³£ÓÐÈË¿´µ½Ëû´©×ÅËüÈ¥Àï´Ä·¹µêºÈ²è¡£
¡¡¡¡ÆÕ³˹ÌØÄêÇáʱ»¼Ïø´²¡£¬ÉíÌåÙúÈõ£¬µ«Ëûƽ¾²µØÈÌÊÜÁËÕâÒ»ÇС£ÊÜÓ¢¹úË®²Ê»¼Ò¡¢ÒÕÊõÆÀÂÛ¼ÒºÍÔÞÖúÈËÔ¼º²¡¤À˹½ðµÄÆô·¢£¬ËûµÄÉú»îÑ×ÅÐÂÒÕÊõÔ˶¯µÄÒÕÊõ½Ú×࣬µ«ËûµÄÖø×÷¡¶×·ÒäÊÅË®Ä껪¡·ÒѾ³ÉΪ20ÊÀ¼Í×îÖØÒªµÄÏÖ´úÅÉС˵¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¶×·ÒäÊÅË®Ä껪¡·ÊÇÉîÈëÆÕ³˹ÌØÁé»êºÍ¾«ÉñµÄϸÄå¡¢ÇúÕÛÖ®Â᣶ԸÒÓÚ½ÓÊÜÌôÕ½¶øÔĶÁ»Ê»ÊÆß¾íµÄÊé³æÀ´Ëµ£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»ÌõÌåÑéµÄËíµÀ£º3000¶àÒ³£¬Ì½ÌÖÉúÃü¡¢°®ÇéºÍÒÕÊõµÄÒâÒåËùÔÚ¡£Ëü³ö°æÓÚ1913ÄêÖÁ1927Ä꣨×îºóÒ»¾í³ö°æʱ£¬ÆÕ³˹ÌØÒѾȥÊÀ£©£¬ÊÇÒ»²¿ÉîÈëÐÄÁéºÍÃè»æ˼ÏëµÄС˵¡£Ëü»¹ÊÇÒ»²¿³ÐÈÏÒ·þ¼°ÆäçÎç¿¡¢³¬ÊÀË×¹²ÃùµÄ¼ÛÖµ£¬²¢ÁÜÀ쾡ÖµØÆÀ¼ÛÆäÖØÒªÐÔµÄС˵¡£
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÕⲿС˵ÖУ¬ÆÕ³˹ÌØÖ÷ÒªÃè»æÁËÔÚ19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©×îʱ÷ÖµÄɳÁúÀï³£¼ûµÄÄÇЩ·ç¸ñʱÉУ¬µ±Ê±µÄÉè¼Æ×ÚÖ¼ÊÇ×°ÊÎÐԵġ¢ÄÑÒÔÆó¼°µÄÓÅÑÅ¡£×ÃÀµÄ»¨±ßºÍÒÂÁÏ£¬×îÑÅÖµÄÅäÊΣ¬°üÀ¨¼¸ºõ×ÜÊǶÑÆö×ÅÓðëºÍ»¨¶äµÄñ×Ó£¬ÊǸ߹óµÄÉÏÁ÷Éç»áÈËÊ¿µÄÈÕ³£´©×Å¡£1907Ä꣬Î÷°àÑÀÉè¼ÆʦÂíÀïÑÇŵ¡¤¸£µÏÄá´òÔì³ö×Ô¼ºµÄÏ£À°ÖùÐÎÀñ·þȹ¡ª¡ªµÂ¶ûì³ñÞÖåȹ¡£ÕâһȹװÓôòñÞµÄË¿³ñ·ìÖÆ£¬ËüµÄÖù×ÓÐÎ×´Ó뵱ʱÆÄΪ·±¸´µÄ½ôÉíÂÖÀªÐγÉÏÊÃ÷µÄ¶Ô±È¡£Í¨¹ý¡¶ÔÚ˹Íò¼ÒÄDZߡ·£¬ÆÕ³˹ÌضÔÆäÆøÖʽøÐÐÁËÆÄΪ¾«ÃîµÄÃèÊö¡£
¡¡¡¡ÆÕ³˹ÌØÊDZ¸ÊÜѧÕߺÍÒýÁìʱÉг±Á÷ÕßÍƳçµÄ×÷¼Ò¡£ÔÚ×÷¼ÒÖУ¬Î¨ÓÐËûµÄÉè¼ÆʦµØλ±»Ê±ÉнÌÖ÷ÒÁ·ò¡¤Ê¥ÂÞÀ¼×ðΪÉñÊ¥¡£1971Ä꣬ÂêÀö-°£À³ÄÈ¡¤µÂ¡¤ÂÞ˹²ñ¶ûµÂΪÇì×£ÆÕ³˹ÌØ°ÙÄêµ®³½¾ÙÐÐÎè»á£¬Ê¥ÂÞÀ¼ÎªÎè»áÉè¼ÆÁËÈô¸É¿îÀñ·þ£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨ÎªÓ¢¹úÅ®ÑÝÔ±ºÍÒôÀÖ¼Ò¼ò¡¤°Ø½ðÉè¼ÆµÄÒ»¿îËþ·ò³ñÀñ·þ¡£Õâ¿îÈé°×É«µÄÀñ·þÓÐÑòÍÈÐÎÅÝÅÝÐ䣬±³ºóϵÁËÒ»Ö»ÏâÀÙË¿±ßµÄ˶´óºûµû½á¡£ÕâÌýÉÏÈ¥¿áËÆÄѲøÐÂÄïµÄ¿Ö²À¹ÊÊ£¬µ«ÓëÃÀºÃÄê´úµÄË×Àö×°Êβ»Í¬£¬ËüÓÅÑÅÒ×´©£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÄÇÍíËýôæôæÆðÎèʱ£¬¿´ÉÏÈ¥ÃÀÃîÎޱȡ£